Hi dudes. Examination of the jugular veins is of great value in estimating the venous pressure and in studying abnormalities of the jugular venous pulse. These veins reflect the pressure and pulsations in the right atrium and serve as convenient clinical manometers. It should be made with the patient reclining comfortably with the neck in the position in which pulsation is shown most distinctly. Each side should be inspected in turn, with the head slightly rotated. When possible the light should be shining across rather than directly on the neck. Venous pulsation can be distinguished from arterial pulsation by difference in force and in the form of the wave, by variation in amplitude with posture, respiration and pressure over the abdomen none of which occurs with arterial pulsation. Venous pulsation can be obliterated by light pressure below the level of pulsation. The difference in vertical height between the eternal angle as reference point and the highest point of pulsation over the internal jugular vein, or higher point of pulsation over the abdomen, none of which occurs with arterial pulsation. Venous pulsation can be obliterated by light pressure below the level of pulsation.
The difference in vertical height between the eternal angle as reference point and the highest point of pulsation over the internal jugular vein, or highest point of pulsation over the internal jugular vein, or highest point of pulsation or distension in the external jugular vein, or highest point of pulsation or distension in the external jugular vein, or highest point of pulsation or distension in the external jugular vein, provides an index of the venous pressure and is usually recorded in centimeters. It should be realized that increased venous pressure may be reflected in pulsation without obvious distension, and that this may show better in the deep than in the superficial veins. Distension of the external jugular veins may be unreliable index Increased venous pressure occurs as a result of congestive cardiac failure, of pulmonary embolism or of periodical effusion of constriction. Venous obstruction, e.g. by a mediation tumor compressing the superior vena cava, causes distension without pulsation. Bye...
